Incorporating Sources Effectively - worksheet

1. Compose 2 sentences including quotations from one of your sources.

1. Eivind Seland of the University of Bergen explains that “Long-distance movement in the pre-modern world was intimately linked to seasonal changes in winds and precipitation.” (406) Different routes, however, had different seasonal requirements, and so it was an effective strategy to maintain a variety of different trade routes even though some were less cost-effective than others, since the cost-effectiveness of any given route varied depending on the season.
2. Overland trade caravans had to be very large. Seland writes in his paper “The Persian Gulf or the Red Sea? Two axes in ancient Indian Ocean trade, where to go and why,”  that “The few ancient depictions we have of camel caravans also show animals relatively lightly loaded, with two amphorae on each side.” (402) It would have taken a great many of them to carry all the provisions and trade goods shipped out of Rome or Barbarikon on trading ships.

2. Compose 2 brief paragraphs, each one containing quotations from 2 of your sources and highlighting the credibility of their authors and indicating where each is published.

1. Matthew Fitzpatrick is an Associate Professor in International History at the University of Flinders. In his paper “Provincializing Rome: The Indian Ocean Trade Network and Roman Imperialism”, published in the Journal of World History in March 2011, Dr. Fitzpatrick noted “With Rome having wrested control of the centuries-old eastern maritime trade routes from Cleopatra, the last of Egypt’s Ptolemaic rulers, Roman trade with the East via the Red Sea accelerated markedly.” (31) Eivind Seland, a researcher at the University of Bergen, elaborates further in his paper “The Persian Gulf or the Red Sea? Two axes in ancient Indian Ocean trade, where to go and why,” which appeared in World Archaeology in September 2011. He says, “The total distance along the Red Sea–Nile route is about a third longer than along the Persian Gulf–Syrian Desert alternative. The overland distance to be covered between the Gulf and the Mediterranean is, however, almost four times greater than that between Berenike and Koptos.” (399)
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